Vision loss in one eye, also known as unilateral vision loss, can be alarming and disorienting. Unlike conditions affecting both eyes, unilateral vision loss may indicate a localized issue, but it can also signal systemic problems. Understanding the various causes of vision loss in one eye is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. This article explores the common causes, symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for unilateral vision loss.

1. Retinal Detachment Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from its underlying supportive tissue. Symptoms may include sudden flashes of light, floaters, or a shadow or curtain affecting vision. This condition requires urgent medical attention to prevent permanent vision loss.
2. Macular Degeneration Macular degeneration affects the central part of the retina, known as the macula, leading to loss of central vision. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common type and typically presents with blurry or distorted central vision. Although AMD usually affects both eyes, it can initially impact just one eye.
3. Optic Neuritis Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the optic nerve, which can cause sudden vision loss, pain with eye movement, and color vision deficits. It is often associated with multiple sclerosis but can also be caused by infections or other autoimmune conditions.
4. A stroke in the brain’s visual processing areas can lead to vision loss in one eye. This may occur due to a blockage or hemorrhage in the blood vessels supplying the brain. Vision loss from a stroke can be sudden and severe, often accompanied by other neurological symptoms.
5. Glaucoma Glaucoma typically affects both eyes, but it can initially cause vision loss in one eye. The disease involves increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve. Symptoms include peripheral vision loss, which may eventually affect central vision if untreated.
6. Ocular Trauma Injuries to the eye, such as from a foreign object, impact, or chemical exposure, can cause immediate vision loss. Trauma can lead to various complications, including retinal detachment, bleeding, or corneal damage.
7. Infections such as uveitis (inflammation of the uvea), endophthalmitis (infection inside the eye), or keratitis (corneal infection) can result in vision loss. Symptoms typically include redness, pain, and discharge.
8. Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetes can lead to damage of the blood vessels in the retina, causing diabetic retinopathy. This condition often affects both eyes but may initially present symptoms in one eye. It can lead to vision loss if not managed effectively.
9. Amblyopia (Lazy Eye) Amblyopia, or lazy eye, occurs when one eye fails to develop proper vision during childhood. It can cause a noticeable difference in visual acuity between the two eyes, and if untreated, can result in permanent vision impairment in the affected eye.
10. Vitreous Hemorrhage Bleeding into the vitreous gel inside the eye, often due to conditions like diabetic retinopathy or retinal tears, can cause sudden vision loss. Symptoms may include seeing dark spots or shadows.

• Sudden Vision Loss: A rapid decrease in vision can indicate serious conditions like retinal detachment or stroke.
• Blurred or Distorted Vision: These symptoms may point to macular degeneration or retinal issues.
• Floaters and Flashes: Common with retinal problems or vitreous hemorrhage.
• Pain and Redness: Often associated with infections or trauma.
• Difficulty Seeing in Low Light: Can be a sign of glaucoma or other retinal conditions.

• Eye Examination: A comprehensive eye exam by an ophthalmologist can help identify the cause of vision loss.
• Imaging Tests: Procedures like OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography), fundus photography, or fluorescein angiography can provide detailed images of the retina and optic nerve.
• Blood Tests: Useful for diagnosing systemic conditions that may affect vision, such as diabetes or autoimmune diseases.
• Visual Field Test: Assesses the extent and pattern of vision loss, helpful in diagnosing conditions like glaucoma or stroke.

• Medications: For conditions like optic neuritis or infections, medications such as corticosteroids or antibiotics may be prescribed.
• Surgery: Retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, or ocular trauma may require surgical intervention.
• Laser Therapy: Used in managing diabetic retinopathy or macular degeneration to prevent further vision loss.
• Vision Rehabilitation: For those with permanent vision loss, rehabilitation services can help maximize remaining vision and improve quality of life.

Unilateral vision loss can result from a range of conditions, each requiring different approaches for diagnosis and treatment. Early detection and intervention are critical to preserving vision and preventing further complications. If you experience sudden or significant changes in vision in one eye, seek prompt medical attention to address the underlying cause and explore appropriate treatment options.

World Eye Care Foundation’s eyecare.live brings you the latest information from various industry sources and experts in eye health and vision care. Please consult with your eye care provider for more general information and specific eye conditions. We do not provide any medical advice, suggestions or recommendations in any health conditions.