Eye discharge, also known as “crusting”, “tearing”, or “gunk” is a common occurrence in newborns and infants. While it can be alarming for parents, understanding the underlying causes, associated symptoms, and appropriate management strategies can help alleviate concerns and promote optimal eye health in newborns. In this detailed guide, we will delve deeper into the various factors contributing to eye discharge in newborns, the signs and symptoms to watch for, and comprehensive approaches to managing this common issue.

• Description: During fetal development, tear ducts (also known as nasolacrimal ducts) begin to form but may not fully mature until after birth. In some newborns, these ducts may be partially obstructed or narrow, hindering the proper drainage of tears from the eyes.
• Causes: The exact cause of tear duct obstruction in newborns is not always clear, but it is often attributed to the incomplete development of the nasolacrimal duct system. Additionally, factors such as anatomical variations or mild inflammation can contribute to obstruction.
• Symptoms: Newborns with blocked tear ducts may experience excessive tearing, eye discharge (often clear or slightly mucous-like), and occasional crusting around the eyes, particularly upon waking.
• Management: Mild cases of tear duct obstruction typically resolve on their own as the ducts naturally open and widen over time, usually within the first few months of life. Parents can gently massage the tear duct area near the nose to help stimulate tear drainage and alleviate symptoms. Warm compresses applied to the eyes can also aid in promoting tear flow.

• Description: Conjunctivitis refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inner surface of the eyelids.
• Causes: Conjunctivitis in newborns can be infectious or noninfectious. Infectious causes include bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens, while non-infectious causes may include irritants, allergens, or chemical exposure. Neonatal conjunctivitis, which occurs within the first month of life, is often due to exposure to maternal vaginal bacteria during childbirth.
• Symptoms: Newborns with conjunctivitis may present with redness, swelling, excessive tearing, eye discharge (which can be clear, watery, or purulent), and eyelid crusting. In viral conjunctivitis, symptoms may be accompanied by cold-like symptoms such as fever or nasal congestion.
• Management: Treatment for conjunctivitis in newborns depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial conjunctivitis may require antibiotic eye drops or ointment prescribed by a pediatrician. Viral conjunctivitis typically resolves on its own with supportive care and good eye hygiene. Allergic conjunctivitis may be managed with antihistamine eye drops and avoidance of allergens.

• Description: Blocked tear ducts, or dacryostenosis, occur when the openings of the tear ducts are obstructed, preventing tears from draining properly from the eyes. This condition is relatively common in newborns and infants.
• Causes: Blocked tear ducts can be congenital (present at birth) or develop later due to inflammation, infection, or structural abnormalities in the tear duct system. In some cases, debris or dried tears may block the ducts temporarily.
• Symptoms: Infants with blocked tear ducts may experience persistent tearing, eye discharge (often clear or slightly mucous-like), and occasional crusting around the eyes, especially upon waking or during periods of increased tearing.
• Management: For infants with blocked tear ducts, gentle massage of the tear duct area near the nose can help promote tear drainage and alleviate symptoms. Warm compresses applied to the eyes can also aid in promoting tear flow. In persistent cases or those associated with infection, a pediatrician may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or refer the infant to a pediatric ophthalmologist for further evaluation and management.

• Description: Newborns’ delicate eyes may be sensitive to environmental irritants such as dust, smoke, pet dander, pollen, or chemicals found in soaps, shampoos, or skincare products.
• Causes: Exposure to environmental irritants can trigger inflammation of the conjunctiva, leading to symptoms such as redness, itching, tearing, and increased eye discharge.
• Symptoms: Infants exposed to environmental irritants may develop red, watery eyes, along with eye discharge that may be clear, mucous-like, or accompanied by eyelid crusting. These symptoms often occur shortly after exposure to the irritant.
• Management: Minimizing exposure to potential irritants can help reduce eye irritation and discharge in newborns. Parents should keep the baby’s environment clean and dust-free, avoid smoking indoors, and use gentle, fragrance-free products for bathing and skincare. If symptoms persist despite environmental modifications, consulting a pediatrician for guidance on appropriate eye care products and further evaluation may be necessary.

• Maintaining Cleanliness: Keeping the newborn’s eyes and face clean is crucial for preventing eye discharge. Gently wiping the area around the eyes with a clean, damp cloth can help remove any accumulated discharge and prevent bacterial buildup.
• Avoiding Irritants: Minimizing exposure to potential irritants in the environment, such as smoke, dust, pet dander, and harsh chemicals, can reduce the risk of eye irritation and discharge. Ensuring proper ventilation and cleanliness in the baby’s living space can help create a healthier environment for their delicate eyes.
• Hand Hygiene: Practicing good hand hygiene is essential for caregivers and family members when handling the newborn or touching their face and eyes. Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water before interacting with the baby can help prevent the spread of germs and reduce the risk of eye infections.
• Proper Feeding Techniques: For breastfeeding mothers, ensuring proper latch and positioning during nursing can help prevent milk from entering the baby’s eyes and causing irritation or discharge. Using a burp cloth to catch any excess milk or drool can also help keep the baby’s face clean and dry.
• Regular Pediatric Check-ups: Scheduling regular well-baby visits with a pediatrician allows for monitoring of the baby’s overall health, including eye health. Pediatricians can provide guidance on preventive measures, identify any emerging concerns, and address parental questions or worries about eye discharge or other eye-related issues.

• Persistent or Worsening Symptoms: If the newborn’s eye discharge persists or worsens despite home care measures, it may indicate an underlying issue that requires medical evaluation. Persistent eye discharge accompanied by redness, swelling, or discomfort should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider for further assessment.
• Changes in Eye Appearance: Any changes in the appearance of the newborn’s eyes, such as cloudiness, excessive tearing, or abnormal eye movements, should be evaluated promptly by a pediatrician or pediatric ophthalmologist. These changes may indicate underlying eye conditions that require timely intervention.
• Signs of Infection: Yellow or green discharge from the eyes, significant crusting around the eyelids, or fever may indicate an eye infection that requires medical attention. Prompt evaluation by a healthcare provider is necessary to determine the cause of the infection and initiate appropriate treatment, such as antibiotic eye drops or ointment.
• Unusual Behavior: If the newborn exhibits unusual behavior such as excessive rubbing or scratching of the eyes, increased fussiness, or avoidance of bright lights, it could be a sign of eye discomfort or irritation. Seeking medical attention allows for proper evaluation and management of any underlying issues affecting the baby’s eye health and comfort.
• Concerns About Vision Development: Parents who have concerns about their newborn’s vision development, such as delayed or abnormal responses to visual stimuli, should discuss these concerns with a pediatrician or pediatric ophthalmologist. Early detection and intervention can help address any vision problems and support healthy visual development in the baby.

Eye discharge in newborns can have various causes, including normal tear duct development, conjunctivitis, blocked tear ducts, and exposure to environmental irritants. While mild eye discharge is often self-limiting and resolves with time, persistent or severe symptoms may indicate an underlying issue that requires medical evaluation and management. By understanding the potential causes of eye discharge in newborns and implementing proper care measures, parents can help maintain their baby’s eye health and well-being from the earliest stages of life.

World Eye Care Foundation’s eyecare.live brings you the latest information from various industry sources and experts in eye health and vision care. Please consult with your eye care provider for more general information and specific eye conditions. We do not provide any medical advice, suggestions or recommendations in any health conditions.