Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that primarily affects the colon and rectum. While its impact on gastrointestinal health is well-documented, lesser-known is its potential influence on ocular health. Emerging research suggests a correlation between UC and various eye conditions, highlighting the importance of comprehensive care for individuals with this condition. In this article, we delve into the relationship between ulcerative colitis and ocular manifestations, shedding light on potential symptoms, risks, and management strategies.

Ulcerative colitis is characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the colon’s innermost lining, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and fatigue. The exact cause of UC remains unclear, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. While the primary focus of treatment is to control inflammation and manage symptoms, the systemic nature of UC can impact various organs and systems, including the eyes.

Individuals with ulcerative colitis may experience several ocular manifestations, ranging from mild to severe. Some of the common eye conditions associated with UC include:

• Uveitis: Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye comprising the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. It can cause symptoms such as eye pain, redness, sensitivity to light (photophobia), blurred vision, and floaters. Uveitis may occur concurrently with active UC flare-ups or independently.
• Scleritis and Episcleritis: Scleritis involves inflammation of the sclera, the white outer coating of the eye, while episcleritis affects the episclera, the thin layer between the sclera and conjunctiva. Both conditions can cause eye pain, redness, and discomfort, often accompanied by UC exacerbations.
• Dry Eye Syndrome: Chronic inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis can disrupt the tear film and lead to dry eye syndrome. Individuals may experience symptoms such as dryness, grittiness, burning sensation, and excessive tearing as the eyes attempt to compensate for inadequate lubrication.
• Ocular Rosacea: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can affect the eyes, known as ocular rosacea. Symptoms may include redness, burning, itching, and gritty sensation in the eyes, often aggravated by UC-related inflammation and stress.
• Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis (PUK): PUK is a severe inflammatory condition that affects the cornea’s periphery, leading to corneal thinning and ulceration. While relatively rare, PUK may occur in individuals with severe UC and systemic inflammation.

Managing ocular manifestations of ulcerative colitis involves a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating collaboration between gastroenterologists, ophthalmologists, and other healthcare providers. Treatment strategies may include:

• Topical and systemic corticosteroids to control inflammation during acute flare-ups.
• Immunomodulatory medications such as biologics or immunosuppressants to manage systemic inflammation and reduce the risk of ocular complications.
• Lubricating eye drops or artificial tears to alleviate dry eye symptoms and maintain ocular surface health.
• Anti-inflammatory eye drops or ointments for conditions like uveitis or scleritis.
• Lifestyle modifications, including stress management techniques and avoidance of potential triggers.

Regular monitoring of ocular health is essential for individuals with ulcerative colitis, particularly during active disease phases or when experiencing exacerbations. Early detection and prompt intervention can help prevent complications and preserve vision.

In conclusion, ulcerative colitis is not just a gastrointestinal condition; it can have significant implications for ocular health. By understanding the potential eye-related complications associated with UC and adopting proactive management strategies, individuals can safeguard their vision and overall well-being. Collaboration between healthcare providers and patient education are key in ensuring comprehensive care for those living with ulcerative colitis and its ocular manifestations.

World Eye Care Foundation’s eyecare.live brings you the latest information from various industry sources and experts in eye health and vision care. Please consult with your eye care provider for more general information and specific eye conditions. We do not provide any medical advice, suggestions or recommendations in any health conditions.