Coats’ disease is a rare eye disorder characterized by abnormal development and leakage of blood vessels in the retina. Typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, Coats’ disease can lead to vision loss if left untreated. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preserving vision and preventing complications. In this article, we’ll explore the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches for Coats’ disease to raise awareness and empower individuals and families affected by this condition.

Coats’ disease is a rare eye disorder characterized by abnormal development and leakage of blood vessels in the retina. This condition primarily affects children and adolescents, typically manifesting in one eye. Coats’ disease can lead to vision loss and other complications if left untreated.

The exact cause of Coats’ disease remains unknown. However, it is believed to result from abnormalities in the development of retinal blood vessels during early childhood. These abnormalities lead to the formation of weak and leaky blood vessels in the retina, causing fluid accumulation and potential vision impairment.

• Decreased Vision: One of the primary symptoms of Coats’ disease is a gradual or sudden decrease in vision in one eye. Children may exhibit difficulty seeing objects clearly or may experience blurred vision.
• Strabismus (Crossed Eyes): Coats’ disease can cause misalignment of the eyes, leading to strabismus or crossed eyes. This occurs due to the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the retina, which can affect eye movement and coordination.
• Leukocoria (White Pupil): In advanced cases of Coats’ disease, leukocoria, or a white pupil, may be observed. This occurs when abnormal blood vessels behind the retina reflect light, causing the pupil to appear white instead of black.
• Redness or Pain: Some individuals with Coats’ disease may experience redness, inflammation, or pain in the affected eye, particularly if complications such as retinal detachment occur.

• Coats’ disease is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination conducted by an ophthalmologist. The examination may include visual acuity testing, dilated eye examination, and imaging tests such as fluorescein angiography or optical coherence tomography (OCT).
• Fluorescein angiography involves injecting a fluorescent dye into the bloodstream and taking photographs of the retina to assess the extent of abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides detailed cross-sectional images of the retina, allowing for the visualization of fluid accumulation or retinal thickening associated with Coats’ disease.

• Observation and Monitoring: In cases where Coats’ disease is detected at an early stage and vision is minimally affected, close observation and periodic monitoring may be recommended to track disease progression.
• Laser Therapy: Laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy (freezing therapy) may be used to destroy abnormal blood vessels and reduce leakage in the retina. Laser treatment aims to prevent further damage and stabilize vision.
• Intravitreal Injections: Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications may be administered to reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage in the retina. These injections can help improve vision and reduce the risk of complications such as retinal detachment.
• Surgery: In advanced cases of Coats’ disease with retinal detachment or extensive retinal damage, vitrectomy surgery may be necessary to repair the retina and restore vision. During vitrectomy, the vitreous gel inside the eye is removed, and the retina is reattached using specialized instruments and techniques.

As the underlying cause of Coats’ disease is not fully understood, specific preventive measures to avoid its development are not currently available. However, early detection and intervention can help prevent complications and preserve vision. Regular eye examinations, especially in children, are essential for detecting signs of Coats’ disease and other eye conditions promptly.

It is crucial to consult an eye care professional if you or your child experience any of the following symptoms associated with Coats’ disease:

• Decreased vision or blurred vision in one eye
• Strabismus (crossed eyes)
• Leukocoria (white pupil)

Redness, inflammation, or pain in the eye

• If you notice any of these symptoms, particularly in children or adolescents, seek prompt medical attention for a comprehensive eye examination and appropriate diagnosis.

Early detection and treatment of Coats’ disease can help prevent vision loss and improve long-term outcomes. Therefore, do not hesitate to consult an eye doctor if you have concerns about your vision or eye health. Regular eye examinations are essential for maintaining optimal eye health and detecting any underlying conditions at an early stage.

Coats’ disease is a rare but potentially sight-threatening condition that requires early diagnosis and appropriate management to preserve vision and prevent complications. Recognizing the symptoms of Coats’ disease, undergoing regular eye examinations, and seeking prompt medical attention are essential for individuals at risk of or affected by this condition. With advancements in diagnostic imaging and treatment modalities, ophthalmologists can offer tailored approaches to address the unique needs of patients with Coats’ disease, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of life. If you suspect that you or your child may have Coats’ disease, consult an eye care professional for evaluation and personalized treatment recommendations.

World Eye Care Foundation’s eyecare.live brings you the latest information from various industry sources and experts in eye health and vision care. Please consult with your eye care provider for more general information and specific eye conditions. We do not provide any medical advice, suggestions or recommendations in any health conditions.