Herpes keratitis is a viral infection of the cornea caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is a common and potentially serious condition that can lead to vision impairment if left untreated. In this article, we’ll delve into the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for herpes keratitis to help raise awareness and promote early intervention.

Herpes keratitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation and infection of the cornea—the transparent outer layer of the eye—caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). This viral infection typically affects the epithelial layer of the cornea and can lead to a range of symptoms, including eye pain, redness, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and blurry vision. Herpes keratitis is commonly caused by HSV-1, the same virus responsible for cold sores, although it can also be caused by HSV-2, the virus associated with genital herpes.

The herpes simplex virus can infect the cornea through direct contact with an active lesion, such as a cold sore, or through respiratory droplets from an infected individual. Once the virus enters the eye, it can remain dormant within the trigeminal ganglion—a nerve cluster in the head—until it is reactivated, leading to recurrent episodes of herpes keratitis.

Herpes keratitis can manifest with various symptoms, including:

• Eye Pain: Individuals with herpes keratitis may experience moderate to severe eye pain, which can be exacerbated by bright lights (photophobia).
• Redness: The affected eye(s) may appear red and inflamed due to the inflammatory response triggered by the virus.
• Watery Eyes: Excessive tearing or watery discharge from the eyes is a common symptom of herpes keratitis.
• Blurry Vision: Vision may become blurred or hazy, especially if the infection affects the central cornea or leads to corneal scarring.
• Sensitivity to Light: Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, is often reported by individuals with herpes keratitis, making it uncomfortable to be in brightly lit environments.

Herpes keratitis is primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), specifically HSV-1. The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with an active lesion or through respiratory droplets from an infected individual. Once the virus enters the eye, it can infect the cornea, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.

Diagnosing herpes keratitis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. The following diagnostic tests may be performed:

• Slit-Lamp Examination: A slit-lamp microscope allows the eye care professional to examine the cornea and other structures of the eye under high magnification.
• Corneal Staining: Fluorescein or rose bengal dye may be used to stain the cornea, highlighting any areas of epithelial defects or ulcers.
• Viral Culture: A sample of the eye discharge or corneal scraping may be collected for laboratory analysis to confirm the presence of the herpes simplex virus.
• Confocal Microscopy: This imaging technique allows for detailed examination of the corneal layers and can help visualize viral particles within the corneal tissue.

The treatment approach for herpes keratitis depends on the severity and stage of the infection. Common treatment options include:

• Antiviral Medications: Topical antiviral eye drops or ointments, such as acyclovir or ganciclovir, are often prescribed to suppress viral replication and reduce inflammation.
• Corticosteroids: In some cases, corticosteroid eye drops may be used to control inflammation and reduce scarring, but they should be used cautiously and under close supervision to prevent viral reactivation.
• Debridement: In severe cases of herpes keratitis with corneal ulcers, surgical debridement may be necessary to remove necrotic tissue and promote healing.
• Corneal Transplant: In rare cases of vision-threatening complications or corneal scarring, a corneal transplant may be considered to restore visual function.

Consult a doctor if you experience symptoms like eye pain, redness, blurred vision, or light sensitivity, especially if you have a history of herpes infections. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and preserve vision.

Herpes keratitis is a viral infection of the cornea caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and can lead to significant vision impairment if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Early recognition of symptoms, prompt intervention, and adherence to treatment regimens are crucial for managing herpes keratitis and preventing complications. If you experience any symptoms suggestive of herpes keratitis, such as eye pain, redness, or blurry vision, seek prompt evaluation and treatment from an eye care professional to minimize the risk of vision loss and promote ocular health.

World Eye Care Foundation’s eyecare.live brings you the latest information from various industry sources and experts in eye health and vision care. Please consult with your eye care provider for more general information and specific eye conditions. We do not provide any medical advice, suggestions or recommendations in any health conditions.